The proper storage of LiFePO4 lithium batteries is vital to ensuring longevity and preventing potential hazards. The increasing popularity of lithium batteries can be attributed to their lightweight design, high energy density, and eco-friendliness compared to conventional lead-acid batteries. However, to optimize the benefits of the battery, it is essential to know how to store it correctly.
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This article focuses on sharing the necessary details related to the proper storage and handling of LiFePO4 batteries to extend their lifespan.
Why is Proper Storage of Lithium-ion and LiFePO4 Batteries Essential?
Even if the battery remains disconnected from external devices, internal chemical reactions can occur.
LiFePO4 batteries require fewer safety precautions than traditional lead-acid batteries and other types of lithium-ion batteries. LFP batteries use stable iron compounds and do not generate hazardous gases or explode. Despite this, LFP batteries represent a significant investment. Proper storage of LiFePO4 batteries ensures that your investment does not go to waste.
Several batteries come equipped with an in-built protection mechanism—a battery management system—offering a safe storage option for LiFePO4 batteries. However, it must be mentioned that the protection circuit should not be used when the batteries are kept in a discharged state. The protection circuit only applies to batteries charged to at least 40% to 50%, as explained further below.
How to Store LiFePO4 Batteries?
The primary factor affecting the storage of LiFePO4 batteries is the intended duration of storage. Here are the key techniques for storing LiFePO4 batteries and recommendations for storage time.
Key Techniques for Storing Lithium Batteries
Switch Off: Nearly all manufacturers recommend storing lithium batteries after switching them off.
For RVs and motorhomes, simply turning off the electrical system does not disconnect the battery pack. Some components, such as sensors, remain active even without external loads drawing power. The correct way to disconnect the battery pack is to detach the [+] and [-] wires connected to the battery terminals.
Unlike other types of battery packs, lithium batteries do not require a trickle charge and do not need to be powered during storage. LiFePO4 batteries have a self-discharge rate of 1-3% per month, so they retain most of their charge during storage.
It is crucial to store lithium batteries away from sources of heat, such as radiators or other heat sources. The chemicals in the batteries can overheat and explode when exposed to high temperatures for extended periods.
When storing batteries, keep them away from conductive objects like terminal clips or other metals that may accidentally contact both battery terminals and cause a short circuit.
If the battery behaves abnormally after removal, it should not be used. Strange behavior includes any odor, liquid leakage, physical deformation, or other anomalies.
Avoid placing LiFePO4 batteries in strong magnetic fields while storing them, as these fields can disrupt or damage the battery management system in lithium-ion batteries.
Short-term Storage
Ensure that the battery is stored in a dry place, free from leakage or corrosive gases. The wet temperature range for LiFePO4 batteries can be from -20 to 35°C (-4°F to 95°F). Any variation within this range may cause rust or liquid leakage in the battery, leading to reduced battery life or permanent failure.
When switching off and storing LiFePO4 batteries, it is highly recommended to charge them to at least 50% of their maximum charge capacity using a lithium charger. This ensures optimal charging when the battery is reconnected, helping to maintain overall battery condition.
Long-term Storage
Long-term storage increases the self-discharge rate. Self-discharge also increases when the battery warms up and is stored outside the recommended storage temperature. To address this issue, place LiFePO4 batteries in a warm location and charge them adequately before disconnection. The ideal temperature range is 10 to 35°C (50°F to 95°F).
When the battery storage time exceeds three months, it's best to run a charging and discharging cycle every three months to keep the battery healthy and in good working condition when needed.
Cold temperatures can stop the internal chemical reactions of the battery, improving its health. Therefore, keeping the battery at freezing temperature is advantageous for long-term storage. However, the battery's self-degradation rate should be considered. It is best to charge the battery to 40% to 50% of its capacity for optimal condition.
Ideal Storage Temperature for LiFePO4 Batteries
The temperature range for LiFePO4 batteries depends on the storage duration. Generally, follow these guidelines:
- Less than 30 days: -20 to 60°C / -4°F to 140°F
- 30 to 90 days: -10 to 35°C / 14°F to 95°F
- More than 90 days: 15 to 35°C / 59°F to 95°F
Storing LiFePO4 Batteries in Cold Weather (Winter)
Low temperatures do not pose a problem for lithium batteries, as they slow down internal chemical reactions, thereby prolonging battery life. However, extremely low temperatures can cause some battery components, such as the plastic casing, to fracture. Therefore, it is best to keep lithium batteries indoors and avoid excessively cold conditions. If you live in an area with long winters, it is crucial to prioritize batteries equipped with low-temperature protection features.
Storing LiFePO4 Batteries in Hot Weather (Summer)
Storing LiFePO4 batteries in high temperatures or direct sunlight can pose a significant threat to the battery. Extreme temperatures can cause the battery to overheat internally, leading to unwanted chemical reactions that can cause uncontrolled voltage drops or even battery fires. Therefore, avoid storing the battery for extended periods in high temperatures or direct sunlight.
It is highly recommended to use a battery box to provide proper protection for your LiFePO4 batteries. This can help prevent accidents or damage caused by heat exposure.
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FAQs About Storing LiFePO4 Batteries
Q: Can I leave a LiFePO4 battery connected to a device while it's in storage?
It is generally recommended to disconnect the LiFePO4 battery from any devices or equipment before storing it for an extended period. Leaving it connected could result in a slow discharge over time, especially if the device has a standby power draw. Therefore, disconnecting the battery is advisable to preserve its charge.
Q: How often should I check the stored LiFePO4 battery?
It's a good practice to check the stored LiFePO4 battery every 3 months to monitor its state of charge. If the battery voltage drops significantly below the recommended storage voltage, it may need a recharge to maintain performance and prevent irreversible damage.
Q: Do I need to charge the LiFePO4 battery before using it after storage?
If the LiFePO4 battery has been stored for an extended period, it is advisable to recharge it before use. This helps ensure that the battery is at its optimal capacity and performance level. Following the manufacturer's guidelines for charging procedures will prolong the battery's lifespan.
Q: Are there any safety precautions I should take when storing a LiFePO4 battery?
Yes, it's important to observe safety precautions while storing a LiFePO4 battery. Avoid exposure to extreme temperatures, moisture, or direct sunlight. Keep the battery away from flammable materials and children. If you notice any signs of physical damage or swelling, it's best to contact the manufacturer for further guidance.
Conclusion
Due to its low self-discharge rate and other advantages, LiFePO4 batteries are easier to store than any other lithium-ion or sealed lead-acid battery.
However, understanding how to store LiFePO4 batteries correctly is crucial for maintaining their health. Although the battery's chemical composition is quite elastic, physical components remain susceptible to various environmental factors.
Following the information above is sufficient to store most lithium-ion batteries, especially LiFePO4 batteries. Finally, acquiring high-quality batteries can simplify the storage process.
Explore LiTime's extensive catalog of high-quality LFP batteries, which come with a 5-year warranty, ensuring they are made with quality in mind.
Please contact us if you have any questions about LiFePO4 batteries.
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