Shop for lead refining furnace from top Chinese wholesalers on Alibaba.com. Industrial furnaces are used to melt scrap metals and create different types of steel from iron. Most machines are used to melt iron, aluminum, and copper. Smaller machines are used to melt gold, silver, platinum, and copper. Large products can weigh up to 20 tons and use between 380v and 950v power input. Their working power is between 180kw to 2,000kw. Large capacitor banks are used to stabilize the current before directing it to the lead refining furnace. These capacitors are well insulated to protect them from spilling water. Safety systems are built into the machines. For instance, they have circuit breakers, which automatically shut down the machine in case of any fault.
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Melting is done using either an open furnace or an enclosed one. Some require two pots, one for melting and the other for transporting the molted metal to where it’s needed. Most wholesale lead refining furnace provide temperatures between 2,100 to 1,750 degrees Celsius, which is enough to melt most metals. Melting speed can fall within 40 to 60 minutes depending on the type of metal and the machine used. Melting pots are capable of tilting up to 95 degrees, which is enough to pour all the molten metal out of the pot. Each furnace has a water-cooling system that helps to cool hot metal. A PLC system is used to operate the lead refining furnace.
Most of these lead refining furnace products use the electrical induction systems to provide melting heat. Plus, they make use of hydraulic pressure systems to provide tilting force to the furnace pot. Whether you want a large or a smaller lead refining furnace, you can always find suitable machines on Alibaba.com. You can buy them at wholesale prices from Chinese wholesalers. Browse through Alibaba.com and check out prices and available varieties.
Refining of bullion
To remove and recover remaining impurities from lead bullion, either pyrometallurgical or electrolytic refining is used; the choice between the two methods is dictated by the amount of bismuth that must be eliminated from the bullion and by the availability and cost of energy.
The Parkes zinc-desilvering process is the most widely used pyrometallurgical method of refining lead bullion. As in smelting, the lead is first melted and again allowed to cool below the freezing point of copper, which crystallizes and, along with any remaining nickel, cobalt, and zinc, is removed by skimming. The lead mix then passes to a reverberatory “softening” furnace, where the temperature is raised and the molten lead is stirred. A blast of air oxidizes any remaining antimony or arsenic, both of which harden lead (hence the term softening furnace), and these are skimmed off to be recovered later.
After softening, the lead goes to desilvering kettles, where small quantities (less than 1 percent by weight) of zinc are added. With stirring, the molten zinc reacts to form compounds with gold and silver, both of which are more soluble in zinc than in lead. The compounds are lighter than the lead, so that, on cooling to below 370 °C (700 °F) but above the melting point of lead, they form a crust that is removed and taken to a parting plant for recovery of the precious metals. The remaining zinc is then removed by reheating the molten lead to 500 °C (1,100 °F) and creating a vacuum over the surface. The zinc vaporizes, and the vapour is condensed as metal on the cool dome of the vacuum vessel, where it is collected for reuse.
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The Harris process of softening and dezincing is designed to remove impurities from desilvered lead by stirring a mixture of molten caustic salts at a temperature of 450–500 °C (840–930 °F) into the molten lead. Metallic impurities react with the chemicals and are collected in the form of their oxides or oxysalts.
Lead bullion containing more than 0.1 percent bismuth can be purified by the Betterton-Kroll process, which usually follows softening, desilvering, and dezincing and involves treatment of the melt with calcium and magnesium. Bismuth unites with these metals to form compounds that rise to the surface. The compounds are skimmed off and treated for recovery of bismuth, a valuable by-product.
The Betterton-Kroll process produces a refined lead with bismuth contents of 0.005 to 0.01 percent. When a refined lead of higher purity is required, or when a lead bullion high in bismuth has to be refined, employment is made of electrolytic refining. This process is costly, but it has the major advantage of separating lead from every impurity except tin in one vessel or one stage, and it does so without emitting lead-bearing fumes or gases. The bullion is cast into large plates, which are hung as anodes in electrolytic tanks where they dissolve. Pure lead is deposited on a thin sheet of lead that serves as the cathode. Impurities left behind can be recovered by many complex operations.
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