Globe valve control the flow by the linear motion of disk, they are used in many industries, and its vital to learn about the valve before using it.
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There are several basic components of a Globe valve.
Bonnet provides a leakproof closure for the globe valve body. Globe valve can have two types of bonnets. Screw-in Bonnet; is a simple type of bonnet bolted to the body with high bolting torque. It provides a durable and pressure-tight seal. The other one is Union Bonnet; it is suitable for places where frequent cleaning and inspecting is done.
The part that surrounds the plug is called the cage. It is present inside the valves body and significantly influences the flow through the valve. As the plug or disk is moved, more part of the cage is exposed, and the flow will increase.
The stem is the component that joins the handwheel to the disk/plug. It transfers the force from the handwheel to the disc, which consequently controls the flow. Stem is a smooth rod with threaded ends to move up and down with the rotation of the handwheel.
The disk is the part that sits on the seat and stops the flow. Disk is attached to the stem and moves with the rotation of the handwheel. There are two types of plugs. Unbalanced plugs are solid and typically used in small globe valves with low-pressure drop. While the balanced plug has holes, it is easy to shut this plug because we dont have to fight with static force.
The last part is the seat; it provides a stable surface for the disk to shut off. It is either screwed or integrated into the body.
The working of the globe valve is straightforward. When the handwheel is rotated in a clockwise direction, the stem will move downward, pushing the disk towards the seat. Lesser the difference between the seat and plug, the lesser will be the flow and vice versa. In the end, the disk will sit tightly over the seat ring, completely shutting off the fluid flow.
Similarly, the anti-clockwise movement will pull the disk away from the seat, which will open the valve allowing the fluid to flow freely.
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There is a limitation to the valve diameter because of the internal pressure of the flow media. Globe valve manufacturers limit the size to Nominal Pipe Size (NPS) 12 or Nominal Diameter (DN) 300. Beyond these ranges, when under pressure, the valves may not open or close easily.
When dealing with throttling and high pressure that is beyond 200 psi, valve trims tend to fail. In situations like this, it is better to request a specialized valve trim.
P-T rating refers to the rating of the highest pressure and temperature ratio the valve can handle in relation to the metal material.
As temperature increases, the capability of the body to handle pressure declines. In addition, the seat material and design determine the overall rating.
Most globe valve manufacturing companies use the overall rating dictated by ANS, ie. the body pressure rating at 100°F.
The medium type is one of the most important considerations when buying a globe valve. There are many kinds of media which may or may not be suitable for certain valve designs.
For example, slurries are not suitable medium as they are heavier and contain larger components that could be left behind. These, in turn, can damage the disks. Furthermore, such viscous material can create a huge pressure drop.
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