Acoustic Panels are products which can be used to control the sound quality of different spaces. They may be classified into three categories based on their absorption and diffusion properties. To understand these categories, it is necessary to understand the basic differences between absorption and diffusion.
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Sound energy striking a surface may either be transmitted, absorbed, or reflected; the amount of either of these depends on the acoustic property of the surface. Absorbers are used to reduce the noise levels in a room by absorbing the sound energy. Figure 1 shows what happens when sound energy strikes an absorptive surface and a diffuser.
Diffusers are used in spaces to make the room sound lively without creating echoes. Diffusers do not absorb the sound energy but instead disperse the sound uniformly within the space without removing sound energy. An example of a use of diffusers is in concert halls where there is a requirement for the uniform reverberant field. In many cases, absorbers and diffusers are used in a room together for optimum results. Absorption may be used in locations where early reflections occur'to minimize interference with the direct sound. Diffusers make the room lively by providing reflections to produce a uniform diffuse field.
Some of the main features which need consideration while choosing an acoustic panel for your design are: category (absorber or diffuser), finish of the product, cost, durability and, most importantly, the NRC. NRC refers to Noise Reduction Coefficient'an average rating of how much sound is absorbed by the product. NRC ratings range from 0 to 1, 0 being zero absorption (or full reflection) and 1 being full absorption. A list of acoustic panels and their descriptions are given below. These maybe combined and used according to the requirements of the space to be treated.
These are plasters with sound absorbing properties . They are used when there is a need for customization like curved walls or ceilings, and also when no additional suspended ceilings are possible. Acoustic plasters allow a seamless and homogenous application; it's particularly suited for spaces where there is a constraint for room height. These are usually available in a standard white shade, but can be tinted or painted over to suit the requirements. The plaster may be applied to the surface using a trowel or can even be sprayed depending on the exact product to be used.
Application Curved or customized ceilings, Features Seamless and homogenous finishes possible NRC rating Up to 1.00+ Cost TBC Category Absorber URL http://www.sto.co.uk/en/products/acoustic-systems/compact-system/stosilent-compact.htmlhttps://www.diasen.com/sp/en/p/diathonite-acoustix.3sp
These are acoustic panels made of plasterboard. To enhance the acoustic properties of the panel, full depth round perforations are made to the panel. These are typically used in high traffic area ceilings, library ceilings, theater and auditorium upper walls and ceilings. These are usually 13 mm thick; the panels usually come in sizes of 3.6 m to 6.0 m and a standard width of 1.2 m.
Knauf Danoline has designed seamless plasterboard panels which provide continuous random perforations in a seamless ceiling'giving a monolithic ceiling appearance. It usually comes in a standard white shade and is a fully recyclable, non-combustible material.
Application Residences, Library ceilings, Theater, auditoriums Features Fast and easy installation NRC rating 0.45 Cost TBC Category Absorber URL http://knaufdanoline.com/product-post/stratopanel/http://www.gyprock.com.au/Pages/Products/Plasterboard/Perforated-Plasterboard.aspx
Acoustic metal panels are made of perforated metal skins encapsulated in acoustical sound absorbers. This combination of metal and absorptive material is particularly useful in locations where durability and aesthetics are needed along with maximum noise absorption. Acoustic metal panels are commonly used in gymnasiums, industrial fabrication areas, airports, concert halls, HVAC noises etc.
Application Gymnasiums, Airports, Industrial fabrication areas etc Features Durable, Perforated metal skin finish NRC rating 0.80 ' 0.90 Cost TBC Category Absorber URL http://kineticsnoise.com/interiors/knp.htmlThese are panels perforated with 0.5 mm micro-holes only perceptible at short eye distance (+/- 250 000 holes/m²) and laminated on a 16 mm thick MDF substrate already perforated. The aesthetic of wood is preserved while offering high acoustic absorption performances.
Application Residences, Home theatres ,Restaurants, Train stations, hospitals, lobbies Features MDF core, available in satin, relief, matt and brushed finishes NRC rating Cost TBC Category Absorber URL https://topakustik.ch/en/produkt/typ-micro/http://www.oberflex.com/388-acousitc-solution-obersound-micro-perforated-collection.html#the-product
BAUX acoustic panels are environment-friendly, recyclable materials made from wood wool, cement and water. Together, its natural components provide many functional characteristics. They are available in 5 patterns; Quilted, Check, Stripes, Lines and Diagonal'all designed for infinite combinations.
Application Ceilings, walls, (wet areas such as swimming pool ceilings) Features Recyclable, Customizable design from the 5 available patterns. NRC rating 0.5 ' 0.8 Cost TBC Category Absorber URL https://www.baux.se/acoustic-wood-wool-products/http://www.diacrete.com.sg/
These are sandwich panels made from an aluminium mesh outer surface, acoustic fleece mat and a 25 mm aluminium honeycomb backing. The mesh appearance and the panel can be customized to adapt to the specific needs of projects. They come in sizes up to 4 m long and 1.25 m wide'giving ceilings a monolithic impression.
Application Suspended ceilings in conference halls, lobbies Features Light weight, fast installation NRC rating 0.85 Cost TBC Category Absorber URL http://www.tectonica-online.com/products//composite_mesh_aluminium_ceiling_acoustic/Polyester acoustic panels are made made from 100% polyester (60% recycled fibre). It is completely recyclable'making it an environment friendly alternative to traditional embossed fabric acoustic panels.
Application Hanging Partitions, ceilings, wall paneling Features Environment-friendly, odor and dust free, no chemical irritants NRC rating 0.40 (minimum) Cost TBC Category Absorbers URL http://www.autexindustries.com/acousticsThese are panels wrapped in fabric and are used for sound absorption in indoor spaces; they are typically good for spaces where speech intelligibility is important. These are available in different shades and textures of fabrics.
Application Lecture halls, classrooms walls and ceilings Features Customizable, ideal for speech based rooms. NRC rating 0.35-0.60 Cost Category Absorbers URL http://auralaid.com/product-category/products/absorbers/http://soft-cells.com/products
Stretched ceilings contain two basic components: a perimeter track and lightweight fabric membrane which is stretched and clipped into the track. The stretched material is made from a 0.2 mm thick PVC based recyclable stretch membrane.
These are available in satin, matte, and high gloss finishes. These are washable, waterproof, and can be custom printed as desired.
Application Seamless ceiling applications Features Washable, recyclable, waterproof NRC rating From 0.2 to 0.9 Cost TBC Category Absorber URL http://barrisol.com/ushttp://www.edwardray.co.uk/stretchceiling/
These are grooved panels made of timber which are available in varied finishing options including laminates and veneers. There are also different groove widths available, providing different acoustic performances.
Application Libraries, Museums, Theatres, lecture halls Features Varied wood finish options available NRC rating From 0.6 to 0.9 Cost TBC Category Absorber URL http://www.oberflex.com/388-acousitc-solution-obersound-micro-perforated-collection.html#the-producthttps://www.topakustik.uk.com/
These panels come with printed designs. Many companies offer panels which can be customized to suit the theme of the space of installation. They come in depths of 0.8 m ' 1.2 m.
Application Walls. For residential or commercial (office, meeting rooms, etc). Features Customizable, Eco Friendly NRC rating From 0.6 to 0.9 Cost TBC Category Absorber URL https://akuart.com/These are made of acrylic with a thickness of 4mm ' 10m. They can be used in a variety of spaces like offices, classrooms, lobbies, auditoriums etc. They are completely free of glass fibres, and the visual appearances can be customized to blend in with the design theme of the space. They can also be printed on or transparent with either a polished or matte surface finish. Customized panel sizes are available with a maximum size of x mm.
Application offices, classrooms, lobbies, auditoriums Features Recyclable, colored, transparent or translucent NRC rating 0.45 ' 0.55 Cost TBC Category Absorber URL http://www.deamp.com/plastic-panels/Acoustic furnitures are designed with the aim of providing privacy and comfort, mostly in open plan offices. These include high backed chairs and sofas, acoustic meeting pods for small social meetings or one-on-one talks, acoustic lamp shades etc. These are specifically designed to absorb the noises created within these spaces without affecting the overall sound levels in the office space. Companies like Buzzispace and MTM offer exclusive ranges of acoustic furniture.
Application Furniture Features Multi-functional NRC rating varies Cost TBC Category Absorbers URL http://buzzi.space/category/products/acoustic-furniture/http://www.mtmsolution.com/
These are made from Reindeer moss which is hydroscopic. It has no roots and absorbs moisture and nutrients through the air. It also filters out air toxins and requires no maintenance. Acoustic moss panels are very effective at sound absorption, especially in the range of the human voice.
Application Offices, meeting rooms, lobby Features Fire resistant, maintenance free, air purifier, hypoallergenic NRC rating 0.90 -1.00 Cost TBC Category Absorber URL http://nordgrona.com/convex/http://ecoplus-systems.com/category/Acoustic-Moss-Panels.html
Acoustic absorbent sheers use a yarn and weave technology which contributes to sound reduction in a space. These can be used in place of normal sheers; they provide 40% sound reduction when hung flat and 50-60% sound reduction when draped'which is over 10 times a regular sheer.
Application Interior fabric, sheer drapery Features NRC rating 0.45-1.0 Cost TBC Category Absorber URL https://carnegiefabrics.com/acoustic-sheersThese are modular panels made with PaperForms and can be installed as a temporary solution with double-sided tape or as a permanent solution with the help of mastic adhesive. They may be used in residences, board rooms, waiting spaces and events. These are made from recycled paper and are completely environment friendly.
Application Residences, Boardrooms, Temporary events etc Features Ideal for indoor environments only NRC rating none Cost TBC Category Diffuser URL http://mioculture.com/shop/wall-ceiling-tiles/acoustic-weave-paperforms-whiteIf you think we missed out any acoustic panels, let us know and we will extend the comprehensive range of acoustic materials. Drop us an enquiry if you should require any acoustic services
All images and representations are from the suppliers or related projects somewhat used in the course of Soundzipper's past projects in one way or another.
Implementation of acoustic design principles in architecture can mitigate frustrations caused by external noise pollution and competing internal noises within a space.
Acoustical treatments need to satisfy the needs of the people residing within the space. For example, large, open office spaces with meeting areas may need ceiling panels that absorb sound or private meeting space to work without worrying about external noise infiltration.
A basic understanding of acoustic design principles and testing methods will give you the confidence to ensure the environmental goals of your project.
In architecture acoustic design refers to the strategies, features, and methodologies used to achieve 'good sound' within a building, with the definition of 'good sound' depending on what the room or building is being used for. In most cases acoustic design strives to control how soundwaves and sound energy reverberate off of a building's interior so as to maximize vocal clarity while also reducing echoes and excessive sound transmission.
Acoustic design is largely influenced by the following sound characteristics:
Acoustic design is an integral component when it comes to the creating comfortable, healthy, and productive interior spaces.
While there is no one-size-fits-all acoustic strategy for every building project, there are several acoustic design principles that are more-or-less universal and may be practiced or applied'to varying degrees'in most spaces.
One of the most important measurements when it comes to acoustic design is the Noise Reduction Coefficient (NRC), or the measure of a material's ability to reflect/absorb sound in a consistent square footage.
A material's NRC rating is expressed as a value between 0.00 and 1.00, with 0.00 indicating that sound is reflected and 1.00 indicating sound absorption. Thicker elements with 3D properties or products with exposed edges can achieve values higher than 1.00 because of the additional surface area.
An NRC rating can be a reliable indicator for a material in a space but it can also be very variable, as different materials can have a different NRC depending on how they are installed. 'The NRC rating can help you choose the right material for your job, but only if it is an accurate, true rating,' John Johnston, director of systems development at Arktura, previously told gb&d.
When considering acoustic design products, Johnston recommends inquiring as to how your installation plans might impact or change the product's NRC rating and following any suggestions offered by the manufacturer. It's also recommended that you request the product's laboratory testing report in order to better understand how it was installed for testing purposes and whether the results align with the design and size you may be considering.
If after all this you're still unsure of how to interpret NRC ratings or if you feel as though you aren't getting enough information, consult an acoustician or request third-party testing for an additional perspective.
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Featured content:Insulation is an essential component of any building'and while we typically think of insulation in terms of thermal regulation, it can also play a significant role in regulating acoustics. Just as conventional insulation aims to reduce the transmission of heat through a partition, soundproofing insulation is concerned with reducing both heat and noise transmission through walls, floors, and ceilings.
It's important to understand noise from its origin when choosing a suitable sound insulation product. For noise insulation in closed spaces, dense and closed-cell materials are more preferable, while lighter materials are important for noise absorption.
AcoustiCORK's products dissipate vibration energy into heat in each vibration cycle, resulting in low amplification at resonance in a wide range of frequencies and load-bearing capabilities.
Soundproofing is also possible with products like National Gypsum's SoundBreak family of products, which stop noise from bleeding through to other rooms without the need for any prior demolition.
When sound insulation isn't enough'or if it would be too costly to add'the installation of acoustic sound absorption panels can be key to mitigating sound refraction, echoing, and reverberation in a room. Acoustic wall panels typically consist of an absorbing core made from either fiberglass, mineral fiber, or acoustic foam, which is then wrapped in an acrylic, polyester, or polyester-blend fabric for stylistic purposes.
'The installation of wall panels is key to mitigating sound refraction, echoing, and reverberation that can affect the listening experience,' Juan Carlos Bolomey, product manager at Primacoustic, previously told gb&d.
In some instances, however, it's more beneficial to reduce noise before it reaches a room's walls or ceiling, in which case acoustic screens or partitions may be favorable. Acoustic partitions may be solid or perforated and typically consist of an aluminum framework housing a large panel of sound absorption material. Depending on the style, acoustic screens may be either freestanding or mounted to the floor/ceiling'in either case, they are ideal for controlling and reducing noise in certain areas of a room.
Then there are acoustic baffles, which hang from the ceiling and absorb sound on all sides as it travels'a quality that makes them even more effective than acoustic panels. 'Those [baffles] can be very effective because as sound travels through the room, it has a lot more velocity,' Bolomey says. 'When you install baffles within areas where sound is moving fastest, they can help to reduce the energy of that sound as it moves through a space.'
Diffusion'or the spreading of sound evenly throughout a given environment'is one of the single most important aspects of acoustic architecture. Adequate diffusion is especially crucial when it comes to the design of theatres, concert halls, conference rooms, classrooms, lecture halls, and other spaces where echoing is not desired.
Diffusers are acoustic design elements used to control echoes and other sound aberrations in a room and work by radiating sound energy in many directions rather than reflecting it back at an equal angle (i.e. echoing). Because acoustic diffusers do not actually remove sound energy but instead distribute it evenly throughout a room they still produce a live sounding space, making them ideal for use in performance venues.
Acoustic diffusers may complement or be used as an alternative to sound absorbers and come in a range of shapes, sizes, and designs, making it extremely easy to find a solution that fits with the intended style or aesthetic of a room.
The idea behind interior acoustic zoning is to address a diverse range of acoustic needs for a successful working, learning, or living environment. Design adjacencies and details should be capable of supporting a full spectrum of sound'from quiet, meditative library areas to collaborative hubs.
Some of the best ways to incorporate this is using sound-absorbing materials, air gap technologies, best practice wall construction, and laminated/insulated glass enclosure solutions.
In large, open office areas it can become impossible to complete tasks that require some degree of privacy, like making confidential calls or meeting in small groups. An important acoustic design principle for office spaces is to allow flexibility and have areas where privacy can be obtained.
SnapCab has taken this issue and has developed potential solutions in the form of the SnapCab Focus, Meet 4 and Meet 6. The SnapCab Focus is an acoustically controlled single-person workspace. The SnapCab Meet 4 and Meet 6 are workspaces ideal for small team meetings of four and six people respectively, as well as breakaway sessions.
Just like air and moisture, sound can enter a building through gaps in improperly-sealed windows and other openings along a building's exterior. This can be mitigated in large part through the application of acoustic caulk.
Unlike conventional silicone-based caulk, acoustic caulk is a latex-based product that remains rubbery and flexible permanently instead of hardening after application. This inherent flexibility ensures that acoustic caulk will not shrink or crack over time'something silicone-based caulk is prone to doing'thereby creating a better, longer-lasting soundproofing barrier.
Acoustical steel decking'a type of deck profile that features perforated holes in the flutes of the deck and is used to support the insulating membrane of roofs and intermediate floors'is another common noise-reduction strategy used in construction.
There are two types of acoustical steel decking'non-cellular and cellular'both of which maintain some amount of sound-absorbing properties. Non-cellular acoustical steel decking is the industry standard, wherein the deck itself is exposed to noise from below and insulation is installed above the deck in-between each flute.
Cellular acoustical steel decking, on the other hand, features a perforated flat metal plate welded or riveted to the bottom of the steel deck, forming cavities (or cells) inside each flute. In addition to the insulation installed above the decking, these cells come pre-filled with insulation batts installed by the manufacturer.
'Steel deck acoustical products may provide the same noise reduction performance as standard mineral fiber, fiberglass, and other ceiling tile systems,' Marie Ortega, marketing team member at ASC Steel Deck, previously wrote for gb&dPRO.
Room acoustics can also be improved upon with the addition of isolated ceilings (also known as drop or suspended ceilings), a type of secondary ceiling system suspended below the main structural ceiling or ceiling deck.
Most isolated ceilings use a steel grid system and mineral fiber acoustic tiles hung using metal rods and wires; the length of these suspension wires varies depending the height of the roof structure and the desired ceiling height. Suspended ceiling systems help reduce noise by actively blocking it from traveling to an adjacent room or by absorbing the sound energy outright.
If only certain spaces in a room require additional soundproofing or if the structural ceiling is left uncovered for aesthetic purposes, acoustic clouds may be installed instead of a full isolated ceiling. Like suspended ceiling systems, acoustic clouds are made from sound absorption panels and are suspended from wires or rods from the main ceiling structure. Acoustic clouds function like miniature suspended ceilings and are typically installed overtop specific workspaces that require better sound control than surrounding areas.
An area often overlooked in acoustic design is how mechanical systems, especially HVAC systems, contribute to interior noise pollution. One of the easiest ways to reduce mechanical noise in a building is through the installation of sound attenuators, a type of noise control acoustical treatment specifically designed to reduce the transmission of noise through HVAC ductwork.
Conventional internally-lined ductwork has some capacity to attenuate noise, but typically only in the mid- to high-frequency range, whereas sound attenuators are able to achieve broader band attenuation in relatively short lengths and so minimize low-frequency noises as well.
Most sound attenuators consist of the following:
Sound attenuators are most effective when installed near ducted mechanical equipment, as this allows them to attenuate any noise that travels down the ductwork. Attenuators are available in both circular and rectangular forms and may be sized to fit ductwork of varying heights and widths.
Interior acoustic design takes many forms and constant innovation in the field means new methods for controlling and reducing noise are always in the works.
Headquartered in Los Angeles, Arktura is one of the foremost manufacturers of innovative architectural systems and custom design solutions, including many of the acoustic design strategies mentioned in the section above. 'From an acoustic performance perspective, our mission here at Arktura is to control noise and contribute to the comfort and wellness of our clients,' Moti Tavassoli, product designer at Arktura, previously told gb&d.
And that's exactly what they deliver'from their wall and ceiling panels to their partitions, baffles, and ceiling clouds, Arktura helps provide improved noise control by way of the company's proprietary Soft Sound® backing material. Soft Sound is an acoustic backing material used to construct (or which may be added to) a variety of Arktura's products and serves to reduce and control reverberations, making for improved working environments and better listening experiences.
Arktura's Atmosphera® and SoftGrid® line of baffles, for example, feature Soft Sound fins that make for tranquil, acoustically-sound environments that are also aesthetically-pleasing and stylistically unique.
Many of Arktura's acoustic products'including the entire Vapor® line'also feature biophilic elements alongside their sound-dampening qualities, making use of organic patterns to help evoke a sense of nature while also reducing the amount of ambient noise.
Primacoustic is another respected manufacturer of acoustic products, especially when it comes to wall and ceiling panels. Traditionally made from high-density glass wool, Primacoustic's acoustic panels are fully sealed and ecologically sustainable, typically measuring a full 2-inches in thickness. Some of their panels'namely those in the EcoScapes series'are made from recycled PET plastic and contain no formaldehyde, VOCs, glues, or binders.
In instances where an entire wall needs acoustic treatment, Primacoustic's TelaScapes Fabric Track System can be of assistance. 'If you don't want to hang individual panels on the wall, the TelaScapes allows you to cover a large surface and create more of a seamless custom look,' Bolomey says. Featuring a modular PVC track system fitted with easily-mountable panels covered in a durable stretch fabric, the TelaScapes system is compatible with almost any surface and greatly improves sound absorption.
In addition to their wall and ceiling panels, Primacoustic also carries acoustic clouds in a variety of shapes, colors, and sizes. Made from high-quality micro-mesh material and featuring resin hardened edges, these clouds can be covered in Broadway acoustically transparent fabric or coated in a paintable finish.
Originally established in as a textiles company, Autex Acoustics has since made a name for itself as one of the leading manufacturers of modern acoustic products and environmentally-friendly polyester insulation.
One of Autex Acoustic's best-selling product lines is their Frontier line of acoustic ceiling and wall baffle systems. 'Our Frontier line is very heavily used. That's one of our more popular lines, designed for open-plan spaces to help limit unnecessary noise,' Tim Koldenhoven, North American sales director for Autex Acoustics, previously told gb&d. 'That's the hanging elements and items you see within the space.'
Designed for targeted sound absorption, the Frontier line is incredibly well-suited to open-plan workspaces and may be installed at variable distances to tune the acoustic effect, offering greater control over a room's noise reduction solutions. The Frontier acoustic baffle system is available in both fin and raft form and boasts an NRC range between 0.70 and 1.05.
Autex Acoustics has also branched out beyond conventional acoustic panels to include products like Composition, a flexible acoustic wallcovering capable of being applied in vertical drops like traditional wallpaper. Composition doesn't offer the same soundproofing ability as Autex's panels and baffles'its NRC rating is only 0.40'but is instead designed to target speech frequencies and improve speech intelligibility, making it a great fit for classrooms and schools.
As previously mentioned, acoustical steel decking is a noise-reduction strategy often used in stadiums, schools, and commercial building projects'indeed, steel decking can even help projects earn LEED credits for acoustic performance in the Indoor Environmental Quality category.
ASC Steel Deck is one of the leading manufacturers of both non-acoustic and acoustical steel decking, with their line of Acustadek® products being amongst the best-in-class for sound dampening. 'ASC Steel Deck's Acustadek products have been tested for sound absorption characteristics of assemblies,' Ortega writes. 'Most Acustadek profile and perforation types meet a minimum threshold of 0.60 Noise Reduction Coefficient or greater.'
ASC Steel Deck also provides sound absorption data documentation for all of their Acustadek products.
Rafael Picó contributed to this article
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