Questions You Should Know about 5g Dongle

Understanding 5G Networks: Key Questions Answered

As Mobile Network Operators (MNOs) plan for 5G, they are considering new network architectures that will accommodate the massive bandwidth increases expected with the adoption of 5G. Ciena's expert, Brian Lavallée, provides insight into the rollout of 5G and how success will depend on having the right infrastructure, particularly fiber, in place.

Why will 5G require millions of small cells?

Brian: The higher frequencies anticipated for 5G do not travel as far as the lower frequencies we use today. They struggle to penetrate obstacles such as walls and trees. To address this, MNOs will deploy more cells that cover smaller areas but offer much higher speeds, leading to the proliferation of small cells.

Will 5G smartphones support 10Gb/s speeds?

Brian: Initially, probably not. 5G is expected to support at least 100Mb/s and potentially up to 10Gb/s. However, the mobile infrastructure likely won't support millions of users accessing the network at maximum speed early on. For current applications like video streaming, even 10Gb/s is excessive. However, this bandwidth could enable unforeseen future applications.

How will the market for 5G backhaul services differ from 4G?

Brian: In North America, most 4G MNOs purchase backhaul from third-party providers, a market trend expected to continue with 5G but at higher rates. The backhaul will likely increasingly use dark fiber over packet-optical-based services for higher supported rates.

Will the Internet of Things (IoT) generate video traffic?

Brian: It depends on the type of 'thing'. For example, HD surveillance cameras on cellular networks will generate a lot of video traffic. Smaller devices, like temperature sensors, create less traffic but can aggregate significant data due to their vast numbers.

What's driving the increase in mobile video traffic?

Brian: The proliferation of mobile devices with HD cameras feeding content to platforms like YouTube and Facebook, which are then streamed to other mobile devices, is a significant factor. Features like Facebook's auto-play have exponentially increased mobile bandwidth consumption.

How will 5G impact the wireline architecture supporting 4G mobile backhaul?

Brian: The impact will depend on an MNO's rollout patterns, user numbers, and speed limits set on the network. Today's 4G cell sites typically run on a 1 Gb/s Ethernet line, but with 5G, these sites may need tens to hundreds of Gbps, necessitating substantial capacity upgrades.

Will fiber deployment patterns change with 5G?

Brian: Direct communication between cells in 5G networks may reduce reliance on the packet core, allowing traffic offloading. While some cells may be wired directly, most traffic will likely be routed back to a central location.

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Should service providers planning 4G deployments wait for 5G?

Brian: Yes, as significant upgrades to the 4G network will aid 5G deployment when it arrives. MNOs can start deploying more fiber to small and macro cells today, compatible with both 4G and future 5G networks.

Will the 5G backbone be separate from the 4G backbone?

Brian: Not physically. For instance, 4G cells sharing aggregation and core networks with 5G radios on macro towers will optimize costs. Only specific network sections will be dedicated solely to 5G.

What relationship will 5G have with WiFi?

Brian: A Heterogeneous Network (HetNet) incorporating various cells like pico, femto, micro, and even WiFi will achieve 5G's geographic coverage. WiFi will remain relevant for avoiding cellular data caps, with many access points owned by MNOs.

How will 5G reduce latency if processing is done in the cloud?

Brian: 5G latency refers to over-the-air latency between user devices and the network. To minimize overall latency, service providers will place data closer to end-users, potentially at cell sites, especially in urban centers. This operates under the Mobile Edge Computing (MEC) initiative.

What impact will 5G have on backhaul networks?

Brian: The success of 5G services and applications will heavily rely on fiber deployment. Large MNOs are acquiring substantial fiber footprints as the geographic spread of fiber will dictate 5G performance.

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