Important Information about Radio Unit (RRU)
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Radio Remote Unit (RRU) is the distributed and integrated frequency unit that connects to an operators network with the User Equipment&#;s (UE&#;s) like Cell and mobile devices.
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The logical term &#;distributed and integrated&#; is because traditionally the radio architecture for cellular system is based on a single-standalone system (Base Stations) usually installed indoor but now, the cellular architecture is divided.
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BTS (Base Transceiver Station) is the integration of various radio unit like BBU and RRU. Despite installing only in indoor , radio units are now installed in the tower below the Antenna.
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The RRU is connected to the base station via the fiber optic link which is bi-directional link. The optical interface link is also known as CPRI(Common Public Radio Interface). CPRI is a interface protocol developed by combination of major telecom equipment&#;s manufacturing company.
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The RRU helps to reduce the coaxial feed line losses, increase system efficiency and provide high level of flexibility in cellular site construction. Undoubtedly, this helps in upgrading to new equipment&#;s and devices more easily.
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The RRU performs all RF functionality like transmit and receive functions, filtering, and amplification. It also contains analog-to-digital or digital-to-analog converters and up/down converters. An RRH can also provide advanced monitoring and control features that allow operators to optimize performance from a remote, centralized location.
The RRU is usually mounted near the antenna to reduce transmission line losses and is connected to the main, digital portion of the base station (BBU) with an optical fiber.
Remote Radio Unit (RRU) has two parts, a transmit part and a receive part.
The transmit part usually consists of a DAC, Mixer, Power Amplifier and Filters. A digital signal is received via a CPRI interface, converted to analog, upconverted to an RF Frequency, amplified, filtered and then sent out via an antenna.
The Receive part consists of a filter, Low Noise Amplifier, Mixer and an ADC. It receives a signal from the antenna, filters it, amplifies it, down-converts it to an IF Frequency and then converts it to a digital signal, before sending it out via the CPRI to BBU for further processing.
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