The ultimate guide to choosing cryogenic valves |

Knowing the types of cryogenic valves available and their technical specifications is essential to choosing the right one for your needs.

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How do they work: Cryogenic Valves

Cryogenic valves function at temperatures below -40°C and are primarily utilized in gas liquefaction. These valves are essential in separation, transport, and storage equipment, often operating at temperatures as low as -270°C.

Typically, cryogenic valves remain in a closed position to contain gases or other materials. They open under high pressure to allow flow and will remain open until the pressure decreases. The valve then closes again utilizing a special metal-seated hermetic seal to prevent leakage.

Choosing the right cryogenic valves

Cryogenic valves are increasingly prevalent in industrial sectors such as petrochemical and natural gas. They are used with low-temperature working materials that are often toxic, flammable, or explosive, and must meet stringent safety requirements for safe operation.

One of their key characteristics is a higher packing part and an extended stem, which minimizes heat transfer from the exterior to the interior of the valve. Another critical aspect is the design of the long-neck bonnet, which takes into account the thermal conductivity of the material, the area of thermal conductivity, the surface heat dissipation coefficient, and the heat dissipation area, all calculated using experimental methods.

When it comes to materials, cryogenic valve manufacturers must ensure the valve body can endure temperature fluctuations, as well as expansion and contraction movements, to prevent deformation. For temperatures above -100°C, ferritic stainless steel is often used, while austenitic stainless steel is preferred for temperatures below that. Additionally, small diameter, low-pressure valves often utilize copper or aluminum alloys.

Cryogenic valves: types and differences

Today, cryogenic valves come in various shapes and sizes, suited for different pressure ranges. Common types include ball, butterfly, relief, and solenoid valves, and they can be either manual or automatic, which is crucial for large systems.

Cryogenic ball valves often feature a polytetrafluoroethylene body, offering a better flow rate compared to globe valves. They are efficient for applications requiring a tight seal but can wear easily around the seals and the ball itself, making them ideal for systems with unrestricted flow paths.

Cryogenic relief valves provide protection against overpressure by allowing steam to escape if safety limits are exceeded. Cryogenic non-return valves maintain pressure and prevent backflow of fluids.

Cryogenic globe valves have a spherical shape with an internal moving disc that rotates at a 90-degree angle to provide long-term sealing, though they are not recommended for high flow systems.

A cryogenic gate valve features a wedge-shaped gate that closes in line with its body mounting, resulting in minimal pressure drop even when fully open.

Cryogenic butterfly valves have a circular disc in the center, making them short, lightweight, economical, and easy to operate. They are used in systems requiring quick opening and closing actions.

It is crucial to remember that cryogenic gases are very sensitive, and leaks can pose significant risks. Thus, a cryogenic safety valve is essential for ensuring system safety and functionality.

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In conclusion, cryogenic valves are essential in installations involving cryogenic liquids, ensuring safety and proper handling.

Keep reading: Cryogenic Industrial Solutions that every cryogenic company should offer

If you are interested in any cryogenic solution like cryogenic valves, Cryospain is the answer! We offer cryogenic engineering tailored to the needs of each project. Contact us and tell us about your project.

New Energy Valve Manufacturer explains that cryogenic valves are designed for low-temperature conditions, typically operating below -40°C. These valves are widely used in industries such as oil and gas, air separation, and natural gas, where their quality determines safety, economy, and continuity. With advancements in modern technology, the demand and scope of use for cryogenic valves continue to grow.

For temperatures below minus 50 degrees, extended valve stems should not be used. At temperatures below this threshold, the specific length of the stem depends on the exact temperature. Cryogenic valves are mainly used to transport low-temperature media such as ethylene, liquid oxygen, liquid hydrogen, liquefied natural gas, and liquefied petroleum gas, which are not only flammable and explosive but also expand significantly when vaporized.

The importance of selecting the correct low-temperature valve material cannot be overstated. Using improper materials can result in leakage both inside and outside the valve body casing and sealing surface, leading to unqualified mechanical capacity, strength, and hardness, potentially causing valve breakage. In the case of LNG leaks, explosions can occur. Therefore, material selection is a primary concern in the design and manufacture of LNG valves, with common materials including LCB (-46°C), LC3 (-101°C), and CF8 (SS304) (-196°C).

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