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The first golf cart was a homemade cart, it became popular with people that had disabilities. It was not till the early s when people started using them on the golf course. The early manufactures of the golf car were Marketeer, Cushman, Lektro and E-Z_GO. Harley Davidson started making them in .

It was not until the early s when the gas golf car made its debut and became a huge hit with the public. Electric golf carts arrived at the first courses to use them in . Merle Williams from Reading, California produced the first electric golf carts using knowledge he attained from electric cars produced during the World War Two gasoline rationing period.

Columbia ParCar Golf Carts began operations in and in E-Z-GO and LEKTRO began production and in Cushman began production. Club Car was founded in and Harley Davidson even started making golf carts in . Melex in the early s.

Gas golf carts came upon the scene in and immediately became a huge hit. Currently you will see both gas and electric carts at most golf courses. In Yamaha started making the G-1. The G-1 had a two-stroke and oil injection system. The electric version of the G-1 came along one year later.

Today, Golf carts are not just for the golf course. Other uses include but not limited to small communities. The Villages in Florida use 50,000 cars just to get around. Campgrounds, apartment complex, farm, storage unit personal, beach, large warehouses, hunting or just a personal golf cart.

Gulf Atlantic Vehicles is proudly Serving Daytona Beach, Ormond Beach, Port Orange, New Smyrna beach, Edgewater, Volusia County and the surrounding

Small vehicle designed originally to carry golfers

This article is about a small motor vehicle. For the non-motorized cart used by golfers, see Golf trolley

"Golf car" redirects here. For the compact passenger car, see Volkswagen Golf

A common electric golf cart

A golf cart (alternatively known as a golf buggy or golf car[a]) is a small motorized vehicle designed originally to carry two golfers and their golf clubs around a golf course with less effort than walking. Over time, variants were introduced that were capable of carrying more passengers, had additional utility features, or were certified as a street legal low-speed vehicle.

A traditional golf cart, capable of carrying two golfers and their clubs, is generally around 4 feet (1.2 m) wide, 8 feet (2.4 m) long and 6 feet (1.8 m) high, weighing between 900 and 1,000 pounds (410 and 450 kg) and capable of speeds up to about 15 miles per hour (24 km/h).[b] The golf carts usually have four wheels, although the three-wheeled autoettes were marketed, among other uses, for golfing.[citation needed]

History

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Reportedly, the first use of a motorized cart on a golf course was by JK Wadley of Texarkana, who saw a three-wheeled electric cart being used in Los Angeles to transport senior citizens to a grocery store. Later, he purchased a cart and found that it worked poorly on a golf course.[2] The first electric golf cart was custom-made in , but did not gain widespread acceptance.[3] In the s until the s the most widespread use of golf carts was for those with disabilities who could not walk far.[4] By the mid-s the golf cart had gained wide acceptance with US golfers.[5]

Merle Williams of Long Beach, California, was an early innovator of the electric golf cart.[citation needed] He started with knowledge gained from production of electric cars due to World War II gasoline rationing. In his Marketeer Company began production of an electric golf cart in Redlands, California. E-Z-Go began producing golf cars in , Cushman in , Club Car in , Taylor-Dunn in , Harley-Davidson in , Melex in , Yamaha Golf Car in and CT&T in .

Max Walker created the first gasoline-powered golf cart "The Walker Executive" in .[citation needed] This three-wheeled vehicle was shaped with a Vespa-style front end and, like any golf cart, carried two passengers and golf bags.

In the Harley-Davidson Motor Company began producing golf carts. Over the years they manufactured and distributed thousands of three- and four-wheeled gasoline-powered and electric vehicles that are still highly sought after. The iconic three-wheeled cart, with either a steering wheel or a tiller-based steering control, boasted a reversible two-stroke engine similar to one used today in some high-end snowmobiles. (The engine runs clockwise in forward mode.) Harley Davidson sold the production of golf carts to American Machine and Foundry Company, who in turn sold production to Columbia Par Car. Many of these units survive today, and are the prized possessions of proud owners, restorers, and collectors worldwide.

A golf cart crossing a bridge in Kanagawa, Japan

Types of golf carts

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Utility vehicle

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Extreme off-road golf cart

Many golf cart manufacturers offer models configured as small utility vehicles (UTV), a type of side-by-side. Originally developed for golf course operations, these UTVs were available with small pickup beds, flatbeds, dump style beds, van boxes, or with coolers and cabinets for drink and snack sales. With the growing popularity of the side-by-side, many manufacturers are now offering models equipped for use on rugged, off-road terrain.

Transport vehicles

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Many golf cart manufacturers offer models configured as transportation vehicles, with no provision to carry golf bags. These vehicles are often used in low-speed, off-road applications such as on school campuses, resort properties, or inside airport terminals. These transport variants can range from a simple conversion of a traditional golf cart, swapping the golf bag carrier for a second rear-facing seat, to a stretched cart offering additional rows of seating for 4, 6 or 8 people.

Solar-powered golf carts

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Helios Chargers, 130 watts and 205 watts, on solar powered golf carts

Solar golf carts are powered by mounting a photovoltaic panel on top of the cart. A controller converts the sun's energy to charge the cart's battery pack. Not only does the solar power take the cart off the electric grid, it also increases the driving distance.

Solar conversion kits have been available for golf carts and low-speed vehicles (LSV) for several years.[6] These kits range from low wattage solar battery chargers to a 410-watt array on an 8-passenger transport cart. Kits utilizing flexible solar panels are often preferred on golf carts due to their light weight and ability to conform to the shape of the cart roof. Buyers can take a solar tax credit of 30% of the purchase price on their US Federal Income Tax.[7]

Solar-powered golf carts are popular with owners who drive long distances, such as maintenance workers, golf course fleets,[citation needed] staff at the Detroit Zoo,[8] transportation vehicles in resorts and cities,[9] and drivers of VIP carts on college campuses.[10] High schools have used them as teaching tools for solar power.[11]

Golf cart communities

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Sharrows indicating that golf carts share the road in Ave Maria, Florida

Safety

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Along with the rising frequency of golf cart crashes, the number of golf-cart-related injuries has increased significantly over the last decades. A study conducted by researchers in the Center for Injury Research and Policy of The Research Institute at the Nationwide Children's Hospital found that the number of golf cart-related injuries rose 132% during the 17-year study period. According to the study, published in the July issue of the American Journal of Preventive Medicine, there were an estimated 148,000 golf cart-related injuries between and , ranging from an estimated 5,770 cases in to approximately 13,411 cases in . More than 30% of golf cart-related injuries involved children under the age of 16.[12]

The most common type of injury was soft tissue damage, usually just bruises, followed by fractures, constituting 22.3% of the cases, and lacerations, accounting for 15.5% of injuries.[13] Other types of injuries include concussions, internal injuries, subdural hematoma, spinal cord injury, or acute respiratory compromise. While rare, a few cases had severe outcomes: 4 fatalities, 2 paraplegic, and 1 quadriplegic injuries have been documented.[14]

Some of the main causes of injury related to golf cart accidents included cart overturn, falling/jumping from a moving golf cart, collision with another vehicle or stationary object, struck/run over by a cart, getting into or out of a moving cart. Out of all these, "falling or jumping from a golf cart" was the most common cause of injury for both adults and children.[13]

One contributing reason is that current golf cart safety features are insufficient to prevent passenger falls or ejection.[15] Golf carts moving at speeds as low as 11 miles per hour (18 km/h) could readily eject a passenger during a turn. Furthermore, rear-facing golf cart seats are associated with high rates of passenger ejection during fast acceleration, and most standard (stock) golf carts do not have brakes on all four wheels (typically brakes are only on the rear wheels, thus sharply limiting their braking power).[13][16]

Golf cart injuries are also commonly found in desert areas (e.g. Johnson Valley, California). Driving golf carts on bumpy dirt trails, along cliffs, down rocky trails that should only be traversed using 4-wheel-drive vehicles, can all lead to injuries.

Legislation

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Arizona has a large snowbird population, and many of them live in large RV parks or retirement communities that use golf carts to get around. In , Arizona Governor Jan Brewer signed a law permitting golf cart drivers to drive as close to the right-hand edge of the roadway as possible. Prior to the passage of the law, golf cart drivers received traffic tickets for failing to drive in the center of the roadway. Complementing the new law, a golf cart safety education program was initiated.[17]

Mamaku - RailCruiser carts in

Rail carts

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Petrol powered golf carts have been converted with rail wheels for carrying passengers at up to 25 km/h (16 mph) on several former railways. Awakeri Rail Adventures operate carts on a 10 km (6.2 mi) part of the former Tāneatua branch,[18] Forgotten World Adventures on 142 km (88 mi) of the former Stratford&#;Okahukura Line,[19] and Dargaville Rail Carts on a 15 km (9.3 mi) section of the rail track from Dargaville branch to Tangowahine.[20] Similar vehicles are run by Andrews Valley Rail Tours on 4.3 mi (6.9 km) of the Murphy Branch at Andrews[21] and RailCruiser from Tārukenga, 20 km (12 mi) to Mamaku on the former Rotorua branch.[22]

See also

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Notes

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References

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